How Does Fermentation Really Work?

Question by Al: How does fermentation really work?
I understand that fermentation happens from yeast eating sugar and turning it into alcohol. The outcome is not what I am interested at this point. What I really want to know is if you take a recipe, say: 1 gallon water, 1 cup sugar, and 1 packet of yeast. We get outcome X in the amount of time Y.. Again the product of the outcome is not my concern at this point. Now if you take the recipe as previously stated. I want to know ONLY how the outcome is affected.
1) 2 gallons of water instead of 1 gallon, 1 cup of sugar and 1 packet of yeast.
2) 1 gallon of water, 2 cups instead of 1 cup of sugar and 1 packet of yeast.
3) 1 gallon of water, 1 cup of sugar and 2 packets instead of 1 packet of yeast.

How will the outcome be changed based on these figures?
Consider the sugar is the same sugar that is used in all the recipes, as well as the same yeast and the same kind of water so please avoid asking questions like, “What kind of sugar are you using?” as this is a controlled experiment without actually having to do the experiment.
Again, I know what fermentation is. I do not need to know how it works. I only want to know how the process is affected by altering the recipe in the 3 conditions above. Please read the entire post before replying.

Best answer:

Answer by Kyle
The yeast fermenates which is basically the bug or parasite thing that eats the sugar. It turns that into alcohol and thats what we drink. The longer fermentating takes the more alcohol.

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